მთავარი

კარტე ტაეკვანდოს; კუნგ ფუს; და დოს წარმოშობის ისტორია

ტაეკვანდო
ისტორია საქართველოში ტაეკვონ–დო შემოიტანა ავღანელმა სტუდენტმა ექბალ ჰაკიმ მურათმა 1984 წელს. შემდგომ მისი სტუდენტი ლევან ხვინგია აგრძელებს მის საქმეს. ხოლო 1993 წელს მათი მოსწავლეების ალექსანდრე გონგაძისა და ვიტალი ჯაგინოვის მიერ დაარსებულ იქნა საქართველოს გლობალ ტაეკვონ–დოს ეროვნული ფედერაცია. გტფ დღეს ამჟამად საქართველოს გლობალ ტაეკვონდოს ეროვნული ფედერაციის წარმომადგენლობებია შემდეგ ქალაქებში: თბილისი რუსთავი ფოთი ბათუმი მარნეული გარდაბანი ზესტაფონი სამტრედია თიანეთი ურეკი ოზურგეთი ქუთაისი წყალტუბო სენაკი ჭიათურა წალკა 2004 წელს საქართველოს გტფ გახდა გლობალ ტაეკვონ–დოს ფედერაციის ოფიციალური წევრი.

Sesavali

karatedos istorias, rogorc sabrZolo xelovnebis sistemas, Rrmad aqvs fesvebi gadgmuli Soreul warsulSi. pirveli da mTavari sakiTxi, romlis gamosavlenadac mimarTulia istoriuli gamokvlevebi, aris karate-dos warmoSobis adgili. zogierTi istorikosi amtkicebs, rom karate-dos aqvs Cinuri fesvebi, e.i. es sabrZolo xelovneba Seiqmna CineTSi, da mxolod Semdeg iqna Semotanili kunZul okinavaze. sxvebi amtkiceben, rom karate-dos safuZvlebi kunZul okinavaze arsebobda gacilebiT adre, vidre kunZulze gamoCndebodnen Cineli ciean-Sius ostatebi. arsebobs agreTve versia, romlis Tanaxmadac mas Semdeg, rac Cinuri ciean-Siu moxvda okinavaze, man miiRo nacionaluri okinavuri xasiaTi da ase ganviTarda SemdgomSi. modiT Cven TviTon gadavavloT Tvali karate-dos ganviTarebis istorias da gavakeToT sakuTari daskvnebi arc Tu umniSvnelo sakiTxisadmi, romelic ainteresebs yvela am xelovnebiT dainteresebul adamians. jer ganvixiloT CineTTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli etapi. arsebobs ramdenime legenda imis Sesaxeb, rom sabrZolo xelovneba, msgavsi Tanamedrove karate-dosi, Setanili iqna CineTSi indoeli misionerebis mier, magram samwuxarod dReisaTvis arc erT maTgans ara aqvs dokumenturi dasabuTeba. erT-erTi versiiT VI saukunis dasawyisSi 28﷓e budistTa patriarqi – bodxidxarma samxreT indoeTidan Camovida CineTSi, kerZod veis samefoSi da damkvidrda Saolinis (“axalgazrda tyis taZari") monasterSi. Saolinis monasteri agebuli iyo SaoSis mTis tyian ferdobze, ramdenime aTeul kilometrSi qalaq Cenjoudan. monasteri agebuli iyo indoeli misioneris, batos mier, imperator siaovenias davalebiT. am monasterSi bodxidxarma aswavlida budistur moZRvrebas. amasTan erTad igi atarebda aqtiur fizikur varjiSebs berebisaTvis. varjiSebi dafuZnebuli iyo cxovelTa moZraobebis principebze TviTdacvis elementebiT. varjiSis es kompleqsi iwodeboda “arxatebis xelebis 18 moZraoba”. kompleqsis ileTebi amagrebda sulisa da sxeulis siZlieres da amzadebda adamians gansacdelisaTvis, rogoric iyo meditaciis xangrZlivi seansebi da agreTve gamoiyeneboda rogorc dacvis saSualeba monastris farglebs gareT. kompleqsis ileTebi gamoirCeoda moZraobis mcire amplitudiT da dafuZnebuli iyo umTavresad sunTqvis specialur meTodebze. bodxidxarma amrigad, meditaciuri praqtika eTavseboda fizikur varjiSebsac. mogvianebiT am varjiSebis kompleqss ewodeboda Cinurad “i-Zin-Zin” an iaponurad “evkin-ke”. es iyo safuZveli im stilisa, romelsac ewoda “Saolin-ciuan”, romelic daedo safuZvlad sxva stilisa da skolebis Seqmnas. mogvianebiT, kerZod monastris gafurCqvnis xanaSi XVI saukuneSi aRmocenda xuTi ZiriTadi stili: vefxvi, urCxuli, gveli, wero da leopardi. bodxidxarma sikvdilis bolomde aswavlida Tavis memkvidreebs im teqnikas, romlis safuZvlebic TviTon Seqmna da romelic mimarTuli iyo erTis mxriv janmrTelobis SenarCunebisaTvis, meore mxriv ki sulisa da sxeulis erTianobis misaRwevad. indoeli beris swored es meore aspeqti gaxda sabrZolo xelovnebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis ZiriTadi safuZveli. bodxidxarma amtkicebda, rom sxeuli da suli aris ganuyofeli cneba da saboloo sinamdvile, kerZod uecari gabrwyineba-samadxi, romelsac moaqvs namdvili codna da sulieri harmonia, rac miuRwevelia am kavSiris gareSe. sulis siwminde da sxeulis disciplina TanabarmniSvnelovania. Tu sxeuli sakmaod Zlieria, rom gauZlos garesamyaros moqmedebas, maSin suls SeuZlia moipovos simSvide da Seicnos sinamdvile. amrigad adamianis srulyofa, romelic warmoadgens metafizikuri Semecnebis mizans, ar SeiZleba miRweuli iqnes mudmivi fizikuri varjiSis gareSe. amgvarad sabrZolo xelovneba pirvelad ganisazRvreba, rogorc garkveuli sulieri mdgomareobis miRwevis saSualeba. amrigad bodxidxarmas doqtrina SeiZleba iyo yvela aRmosavluri sabrZolo xelovnebis safuZveli. arc Tu mTlad axalma bodxidxarmas meTodebma mainc Seitana efeqturi wvlili orTabrZolebis meTodebis ganviTarebaSi. teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT man uzrunvelhyo sinTezi adgilobrivi brZolis meTodebisa indur TeoriasTan. pirvel rigSi bevri axali iqna Semotanili sulier aspeqtSi. budizmma, pirvel rigSi “Zen-budizmma”, Seitana mniSvnelovani wvlili sabrZolo xelovnebis sulieri mxris formirebaSi. da ar iqneba gadametebuli Tu vityviT, rom Zen budizmi Seiqna namdvili talkvesi sabrZolo xelovnebisaTvis, da rac mTa- varia uiaraRo orTabrZolebisaTvis, anda joxiT orTabrZolebisaTvis, erT-erTi, romelic SeiZleboda hqonodaT berebs TavianTi mogzaurobis dros. bodxidxarmas sikvdilis Semdeg Saolinis monasterma bevri gansacdeli gadaitana. es iyo epoqa, rodesac CineTi daiyo erTmaneTs Soris meomar patar-patara samefoebad. legendis Tanaxmad, daaxloebiT IX-X saukuneSi Saolinis monasteri gadaiwva glexTa omebis dros. TiTqmis yvela beri daiRupa, xolo isini, vinc gadarCnen, gaiqcnen qveynis samxreTiT da fungianis provinciaSi aages axali monasteri Cjao-lin (iaponurad sorie), qarTulad “naTeli suli” an “gasxivosnebuli suli”. umravles pirvel wyaroebSi rogorc evropeli, aseve amerikeli avtorebisa, es taZari iwodeboda rogorc samxreT Sao-lini. daaxloebiT am periodidan iwyeba CrdiloeT da samxreT stilebad dayofa. bodxidxarma XII da XIV saukuneebs Sors CineTSi aRmocenda ramdenime aTeuli sabrZolo xelovnebis stili, romlebic dakavSirebulia maT legendarul warmomadgenlebTan. amasTan erTad CrdiloeTis stilis umravlesobis filosofiuri mxare dakavSirebulia Zen-budistur filosofiasTan. xolo - samxreTuli emyareba daoistur tradiciebs. XVII-XVIII saukuneSi, rodesac kontinentaluri CineTis udidesi nawili imyofeboda manjurebis Zalauflebis qveS, dgeba periodi Cinelebis intensiuri emigraciisa axlomdebare aziis qveynebSi. amis gamo Cinurma sabrZolo xelovnebis teqnikam SeaRwia koreaSi, vietnamSi, birmaSi, tailandSi, indoneziaSi, sadac adgilobriv tradiciebTan erTad Seiqmna sabrZolo xelovnebis gansakuTrebuli sistemebi, ase Tu ise genetikurad dakavSirebuli ciuan-SiusTan. aseT swraf gavrcelebas aucileblad Tan axlda Sao-lin-Su-kempos transformacia ubralo fizikuri varjiSebis krebulad. bodxidxarmas swavlebis arsi - sulieri miznis Secnoba iqna dakarguli. es mizani xelmeored iqna aRmoCenili da damkvidrebuli ukve iaponiaSi, sadac Zeni Sevida XII saukuneSi da iqna miRebuli samxedro elitis samuraebis mier. 

kunZul okinavas karates istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan igi kanonierad iTvleba Tanamedrove karate-dos akvnad. sanam uSualod karates Casaxvis istorias ganvixilavdeT, saWirod migvaCnia mcire geografiuli informacia warmovaCinoT. arqipelagi riukiu (nansei) warmoadgens kunZulebis jaWvs, romelic gadaWimulia kunZul kiusiudan taivanamde. igi Sedgeba ramdenime patara kunZulebisagan: sakoSima, okinava, tokarai, amami da sxva. okinava maT Soris aris yvelaze didi kunzuli. is aris wagrZelebuli formis, farTobiT 1254kv. kilometri. yvelaze didi porti da aseve dedaqalaqi aris q. naxa. manZili kiusiumde aris 500 km., taivanamde 600 km., xolo CineTis materikis samxreTamde 800 km. arqipelagis eTnikuri mosaxleoba aris iaponelebis monaTesave. magram arsebobs azri, riu-kiuelebs aqvs malaizia-polineziuri, Cinuri da agreTve arabuli sisxlis narevebi, laparakoben riu-kius dialeqtze. meiZis reformis Semdeg 1868w. okinava Sevida iaponiis SemadgenlobaSi rogorc erT-erTi prefeqtura. TviT sityva okinava iaponuri warmoSobisaa da niSnavs “Toki zRvaSi”. okinavelebi TavianT kunZuls uwodeben “utina” da TavianT Tavs “utinantu”. kunZul okinavaze warmoebuli gaTxrebis Sedegad naTeli xdeba, rom aq xalxi oci aTasi wlis win dasaxlda, xolo ukve III saukuneSi okinavelebs kavSiri hqondaT aziis kontinentTan. CineTSi pirveli werilobiTi moxsanieba arqipelag riu-kius kunZulebze gvxvdeba VII s-Si. SemorCenili dokumentebi mowmoben, mravalricxovan Sinaomebze. im dros okinava daqucmacebuli saxelmwifo iyo. kunZuls Zarcvavdnen adgilobrivi tomebis beladebi. VII s-iT TariRdeba pirveli savaWro kontraqtebic iaponiasTan. droTa ganmavlobaSi es kavSirebi ufro da ufro mWidro xdeba. IX-X ss-Si, rodesac iaponiaSi warmoiqmna Zlieri feodaluri fenebi – taira da minamoto, daiwyo daundobeli brZolebi ZalauflebisaTvis. okinava gaxda is adgili, sadac damarcxebuli tairas klanis momxreebi imalebodnen gamarjvebulTa devnisa da SurisZiebisgan. devnilma samuraebma Camoitanes okinavaze iaponuri sabrZolo xelovneba da bevri iaponuri iaraRis saxeobebi. VIII-dan XIII s-de okinava periodulad xdeboda Cineli mekobreebis Tavdasxmis obieqts warmoadgenda. okinavas erTmaneTis moSurne sxvadasxva mbrZaneblebi uxdidnen xarks rogorc iaponias, aseve CineTs. feodaluri daqucmacebis periodi okinavaze 1186 wels dasrulda, rodesac okinavas pirvelma mefem siuntenma mTeli qveynis Zalismieri gaerTianeba moaxdina. is did yuradRebas aqcevda samxedro saqmes, misi mefobis dros aqtiurad Sendeboda cixesimagreebi, xdeboda mebrZolTa momzadeba. XIV s-is Sua xanebamde kunZulis mosaxleoba kidev cdilobda SeenarCunebina TavianTi damoukidebloba da suvereniteti, da mxolod 1372 wels riukius mefe iZulebuli Seiqmna ecno vasaluri damokidebuleba minis dinastiis imperatoris. male kunZulze gamoCndnen samxedro da samoqalaqo koloniebi qalaqebis – Suri, naxa da tomaris maxloblad. miuxedavad imisa, rom CinelTa koloniebi samxreT-aziis qveynebSi gancalkevebulad cxovrobdnen, maTgan xalxSi mainc gaJona monacemebma kempos Sesaxeb. swored am qalaqebSi Camoyalibda sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba okinavuri karate-dosi: Suri-te, naxa-te da tomari-te. 1429 w. mefe se xa-Sim sabolood gaaerTiana okinavas sami olqi: xokusani, nan-Zeni da tiu-Zeni, romlebic mudmiv urTierT dapirispirebaSi imyofebodnen. se xaSim gamosca brZaneba iaraRis tarebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. amas hqvia “kin-bu”, radgan iaraRis tarebas adre Tu gvian SeiZleboda gamoewvia masobrivi SeiaraRebuli ajanyeba. amas SeiZleba mohyoloda arsebuli Zalauflebis damxoba. gamonaklisi daSvebuli iyo mxolod mefis kariskacTa da umaRlesi feodalebisaTvis. glexebi da xelosnebi ki daucvelni darCnen Cinovnikebis, jariskacebisa da agreTve yaCaRuri jgufebis Zalmomreobis winaSe. am zomebma iZulebuli gaxada glexebi eZebnaT gadarCenis saSualeba adgilobrivi xelCarTuli brZolis ostatebTan – okinava-te. ostati morio xigaona Tavis naSromSi okinavuri goju-rius istoriis Sesaxeb wers: “ mas Semdeg, rac mefe seSinma waarTva kunZulis mosaxleobas iaraRis tarebis ufleba, Seiqmna xelCarTuli brZolis ori stili: erTi TavadaznaurTa wreSi da ewodeboda – te, meore viTardeboda ubralo xalxSi da ewodeboda “ riukiu kobujiucu ”, am stiliT varjiSobdnen meTevzeebi, glexebi da is gamoirCeoda imiT, rom sabrZolo iaraRad gamoiyeneboda Cveulebrivi samuSao iaraRi, romelsac xmarobdnen glexebi samuSaoebis dros. enTuziastTa varjiSebi, romlebic swavlobdnen am sabrZolo xelovnebas, rogorc wesi tardeboda RamiT da malulad. aRsaniSnavia, rom xelCarTuli brZolis sxvadasxva sistemebi okinavaze arsebobda uZvelesi droidan. erT-erTi pirveli cnoba amis Sesaxeb TariRdeba XIII saukuniT. erT-erTi Tavisebureba xelCarTuli brZolebis formirebisa okinavaze mdgomareobs SemdegSi: kunZuli uxsovari droidan yvelanairi ltolvilis TavSesafaria. Tairas damarcxebuli jaris nawilebi VII s-Si okinavaze gadavidnen da Tan Camoitanes Tanamedrove iaponuri sabrZolo xelovneba. ltolvilebma CineTidan minis dinastiis damxobis Semdeg (1644w.) Camoitanes Cinuri sabrZolo xelovnebis elementebi. Cinuri ciuan-Su, iaponuri bu-Ziucu, da adgilobrivi xelCarTuli brZola SeerTda da Seiqmna specifiuri xelCarTuli brZolebis sistema okinava-te. am dros TandaTan viTardeba savaWro urTierTobebi aRmosavleT aziis qveynebTan. rogorc dokumentebi mowmoben XV s-is dasawyisidan XVI s-is bolomde okinavas warmomadgenlobebi hqonda malaiziaSi, indoneziaSi, vietnamSi, laosSi, birmaSi, koreaSi da kidev daaxloebiT 30-mde mezobeli qveyanaSi. amitom SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom okinava-tes arsenali mdidrdeboda am qveynebis sabrZolo xelovnebaTa teqnikiT. 1477w. se Sinma – mefe se xa Sinis ufrosma Svilma kvlav gamosca brZaneba iaraRis tarebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. agreTve akrZala varjiSi okinava-tes sistemiT. daiwyo sabrZolo xelovnebis iatakqveS ganviTarebis periodi. okinavas politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba aiZulebda mudmiv balansirebas iaponiasa da CineTs Soris, raTa mieRwia maqsimaluri gamorCenisaTvis Tavis saSuamavlo saqmianobaSi. riukius samefos damoukideblad ar SeeZlo daecva Tavisi vaWrebi da amitom iZulebuli iyo amoerCia mfarveli CineTsa da iaponiis Soris. im dros mefe se neim tragikuli Secdoma dauSva okinavas mimarT. didma iaponelma mxedarTmTavarma da saxelmwifo moRvawem toetomi xiZeSim gadawyvita daepyro korea da CineTi, da sTxova daxmareba mefe se neis. se neim araferi ar icoda Sogunis siZlieris Sesaxeb da ara marto uari SeuTvala, aramed es yvelaferi CineTis imperators Seatyobina. iaponelebis samxedro moqmedebebi 1592w. da 1597-1598 wlebSi uSedego aRmoCnda. xiZeSi uecrad gardaicvala da misi sikvdilis Semdeg iaponelebi iZulebuli gaxdnen gamoeyvanaT jarebi materikidan. iaponeli feodalebis urTierT brZolebis Sedegad gamarjveba moipova tokugava ieiacum. tokugavas damarcxebuli mowinaaRmdegeTa Soris iyo samxreT iaponiis samTavros mTavari sacuma SimaZu iexisa. tokugavas SeeZlo sastikad daesaja damarcxebuli, magram igi sxvagvarad moiqca: gagzavna sacuma damsjel laSqrobaSi riu-kius saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg. SimaZum kargad moamzada samxedro gegma da 1609 wlis TebervalSi sami aTasi samurai gadasxa kunZul okinavaze. ra Tqma unda okinavelebs, romlebsac aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar yavdaT floti da ar gaaCndaT sabrZolo gamocdileba, ar SeeZloT seriozuli winaaRmdegoba gaewiaT SimaZus armiisaTvis, romelTa mebrZolebic ganTqmuli iyvnen siZlieriT mTels iaponiaSi. okinava gadaiqca iaponiis imperiis proteqtoratad. xalxi sastik diskriminacias ganicdida. am periodSi, rodesac kunZuli okupirebuli iqna iaponelebis mier, Seiqmna ukmayofilebisa da organizebuli protestis saSiSroeba. glexebi xocavdnen xarkis amkrefebs da arbevda xalxis samuraebis mcire jgufebs. 1609 wels iaponiis warmomadgenelma okinavaze ukve mesamed gamosca kanoni iaraRis tarebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. mTels okinavaze da iaponiaSic xiZuSis am brZanebis Semdeg 1588 wlidan gamocxadda “ omi xmlebis winaaRmdeg ” (katana gari), glexebi, qalaqelebi da agreTve berebic, visac aRmoaCndeboda civi iaraRi, isjebodnen sikvdiliT. iaraRis flobisaTvis sastikad isjeboda mTeli soflebi. xolo is xerxi, romelic iTvaliswinebda wesrigis damyarebas xandaxan midioda Seuracxmyofel zomebamde kunZulis mcxovrebTaTvis. mag: danebi, romlebic ixmareboda saqonlis gasatyaveblad da xorcis dasaWrelad jaWviT iyo mibmuli boZze soflis SuagulSi da mxolod iq SeiZleboda maTi xmareba. ai aseTi damcirebis gamo sisxli uduRdaT imaTac ki, visac cxovrebaSi ar hqonia iaraRi. 1629 w. kunZulze Seiqmna faruli organizacia, romelic miznad isaxavda dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg brZolas. am organizaciis moRvaweobis erT-erTi mizani iyo moemzadebinaT ajanyeba dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg, sadac mTavari elementi iyo sabrZolo xelovnebis Seswavla. soflebSi, am organizaciis saTaveSi idgnen okinava-tes ostatebi. varjiSebs SeTqmulebi atarebdnen saidumlo viTarebaSi kunZulis gamoqvabulebSi an mTebSi – bunebis wiaRSi. okinaveli glexebi da xelosnebi, romlebsac ufleba hqondaT CamorTmeuli ebrZolaT Tanabar pirobebSi, anu iaraRiT xelSi okupantebis winaaRmdeg, iZulebulni Seiqmnen brZolebSi mrisxane iaraRad gamoeyenebinaT TavianTi xel-fexi. varjiSis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgenda dartymis teqnikis SemuSaveba specialur mowyobilobaze “ makivara ”, magram varjiSebis ZiriTadi forma iyo mravaljeradi gameoreba specialuri varjiSebisa “ kata ”, romelic xels uwyobda aeTvisebinaT xelCarTuli brZolis teqnika partnioris gareSe. aseTi varjiSis Sedegad miiRweoda araCveulebrivi teqnika da dartymis gansacvifrebeli efeqti. radganac samuraebTan SetakebaSi okinavelebs saqme hqondaT gamocdil mebrZolebTan, gamarjvebis Sansi dabali iyo da saWiro iyo mogebis mopoveba nebismier fasad. swored maSin gaCnda aseTi lozungi : erTi dartymiT sikvdili (“ikken xisacu”). Seupovari varjiSebis Sedegad okinavelebma iswavles SiSveli xeliT samuraebis rkinis abjris msxvreva, Subisa da xmlis arqonis miuxedavad TiTebiT xvretavdnen mowinaaRmdegis sxeuls. gansakuTrebiT Zneli iyo im samuraebTan brZola, romlebic SeiaraRebulni iyvnen xmliTa da SubiT. iaponuri xmali “ katana ” basri rogorc samarTebeli msubuqi da swrafi samurais xelSi SeuZlebeli iyo dageWira an xeli gekra. xmlis dartymisagan zemodan qvemod an horizontalurad SeuZlebeli iyo Tavis daRweva. aseTi dartymis blokireba xdeboda ormagi “ SutouCi”-T, zemodan moqneuli xmlis pirs iWerdnen xelis gulebs Soris, xolo horizontalurad, anu gverdidan moqneul ki zemodan urtyamdnen xelis gulebs da ayenebdnen sapasuxo dartymas. am ori ileTis dasamuSaveblad, imisaTvis, rom es ileTebi yofiliyo efeqturi brZolis dros, saWiro iyo maTi gameoreba sul cota 500 aTasjer. saidumlo varjiSebis Sedegad 1629 wlisaTvis formirdeba uiaraRo brZolis xelovneba da Seiqmna termini – te, rac niSnavda okinavis sabrZolo xelovnebas, romelsac meorenairad uwodebdnen “tode” (“kontinentaluri xeli”). amasTan erTad, warmoiSva sabrZolo xelovneba kobudo jiucu, romelsac safuZvlad edo sxvadasxva iaraRis flobis teqnika. iaraRad gamoiyeneboda glexTa da meTevzeTa samuSao iaraRi: bawari, jaWvi, niCabi, joxi (bo), namgali (kama), puris salewi (tomfa), samkbila (sai) da sxva. todes gamoCena iyo rezultati ori teqnikis Serwymisa – okinavate-si da ciuanSu-si. okinavates damaxasiaTebeli niSanTviseba iyo kompleqsi sanCin kata, romelic xels uwyobda swori dgomis gamomuSavebas, (romelic Tavis mxriv mTavari safuZveli iyo Semdgomi swavlebisa), sunTqvis teqnikas, gadaadgilebis xelovnebas da efeqtur moZraobas xelebiT da fexebiT. tes praqtikaSi gamoiyeneboda sxva kompleqsebic. umTavresad SekumSuli muSti, romliTac dartyma mieyeneboda pirdapiri xaziT. am ileTSi muSti – mdgomareobidan xelis guliT zemoT, TeZosTan, dartymis dros trialdeboda xelis guliT qvemoT bolo wertilSi. tes mablokirebeli teqnika sruldeboda wriuli traeqtoriebiT. fexiT dartymis teqnikaSi dartymebis umravlesoba pirdapiri dartymebi iyo. gansakuTrebiT efeqturi iyo dartymebi qusliT, xolo iseTi dartyma, rogoric aris “mavaSi geri” mogonil iqna mogvianebiT iaponelebis mier. TiTqmis yvela es ileTi gamiznuli iyo mowinaaRmdegis mosaklavad. amaSi mdgomareobs erT-erTi mTavari gansxvaveba Cinur uSusTan romelsac garda sabrZolo mniSvnelobisa hqonda gasajansaRebeli mniSvnelobac. mag: tai-Zi-ciuani. amrigad sabrZolo xelovneba – te warmoiSva maSin, rodesac es moiTxova imdroindelma socialurma garemom, anu iaponelebis mier okinavis dapyrobis Semdeg XVIII saukuneSi. istoriidan cnobilia, rom XVIII s-is SuaSi sakugava da agata, romlebmac ramdenime weli CineTSi gaatares da varjiSobdnen Saolinuri ciuan-Se-Ti da agreTve bo-Ziuciu-Ti dabrundnen samSobloSi da qalaq siuriSi daarses kerZo skola – sakugava no karate.* es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac skolis saxelwodebaSi pirvelad iqna xmarebuli sityva karate. xolo misma mowafem da mimdevarma macumura sokonma XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi, CineTidan dabrunebis Semdeg mTavrobis davalebiT Seqmna skola Sorin-Zi-riu-go-koku-in karate (Saolinis stilis karate samSoblos dasacavad). SemdgomSi skolas ewoda Sorin-riu da warmoadgenda okinavuri stilebisa da skolebis ZiriTad RerZs, romlebic warmoiqmnen SemdgomSi. 1848 w. macumura sokons mieniWa kunZul okinavas sabrZolo xelovnebaTa umaRlesi instruqtoris wodeba. is propagandas uwevda uxeS Zalismier karates Zvel klasikur Saolinur stilSi. macumuras mTavari moTxovna iyo siswrafe, teqnika, simZafre. gasvlebi da fintebi iTvleboda damamcireblad namdvili mebrZolebisaTvis. 1887-1889 wlebSi okinavaze oficialurad Seicvala sabrZolo xelovnebis dasaxeleba te da amieridan ewoda karate. es saxelwodeba SenarCunda XX s-is 30-ian wlebamde, roca okinavelma ostatebma es xelovneba Semoitanes iaponiaSi. 1868 wlis meijis reformebma moaxdines samuraelTa fenis likvidacia, rogorc socialuri jgufisa da kunZuli okinava iaponiis erT-erTi provincia gaxda. ase dasrulda kunZul okinavaze sabrZolo xelovnebis iatakqveS ganviTarebis xangrZlivi periodi. 

1885 wlidan kunZuli okinava gaxda iaponiis imperiis sruluflebiani da ganuyofeli nawili. Seiqmna ganaTlebis erTiani sistema. regularulad xdeboda wvevamdelTa gawveva iaponiis jarSi. gamwvevma komisiam SeamCnia, rom okinaveli wvevamdelebi gacilebiT Zlierebi da gamZleebi iyvnen, vidre maTi iaponeli wvevamdelebi. amitom 1901–1903 wlebSi karate, rogorc nacionaluri saxeoba fizikuri momzadebisa Setanili iqna saganmanaTleblo programaSi yvela iaponur saswavlo dawesebulebaSi. saxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi karates pirveli maswavlebeli gaxda didi ostati da reformatori Zvelokinavur stilisa Suri-te sokon macumuras mowafe – iasucune itosu, romelic Tavis mxriv iyo yvela Tanamedrove karate-dos stilis SemqmnelTa maswavlebeli. misi moswavleebi iyvnen: mabuni kenva (Sito-riu), miagi tioZun (goju-riu), funakoSi giCin (Sotokani), da sxvaTa. itosum sagrZnoblad gadaamuSava mTeli rigi katebisa da gadaitana aqcenti sabrZolodan ufro gamajansaRebel elementebze. man pirvelma gauxsna farTo sazogadoebas tes sabrZolo teqnika. XIX s-is dasasruls Sorinji-rius safuZvelze sabolood Camoyalibda okinavuri karates ori mTavari mimarTuleba. ori stilis Suri-te da tomari-tes SeerTebiT ki Seiqmna Sorin-riu, xolo naxa-tesa da tomari-tes SeerTebiT Seiqmna Sorei-riu. Sorin-rius teqnikaSi wamyvani iyo cru moZraobebi, talRiseburi moZraobebi. es msubuqi da moZravi stili xelmisawvdomi iyo yvelasaTvis, dabali da susti adamianebisTvisac ki. mas euflebodnen didi daZabvis gareSe qalebi da bavSvebic ki. Sorei (gasxivosnebuli suli) – riu ZiriTadad emyareboda Zvelokinavur xelCarTuli orTabrZolis tradiciul principebs. xalxs moswonda da varjiSobda am orive skolis mimarTulebiT, magram roca XIX s-Si gaqra xelebisa da fexebis saTanado momzadebiT mowinaaRmdegis mokvlis saWiroeba moswavleebma ufro meti upiratesoba mianiWes stil Sorin-rius (gaiolebul mimdinareobas), sadac mTavari iyo adamianis sulieri aRzrda. roca karate XX s-is dasawyisSi gascda arqipelag riu-kius da mimdevrebi moipva iaponiaSi es uZvelesi sabrZolo xelovneba gamocxadda iaponuri eris ganuyofel sakuTrebad. sulieri sayrdenis ZiebaSi Tanamedrove karatem mimarTa pirvel rigSi buSidos – “samurais gza”, samurais moralur eTikur kompleqss. Sindis – namusis (giri) da humanuri grZnobebis (ninZio) Serwymis ideas, damatebuls universalur harmonias da adamianis Serwymas bunebasTan. busidos TandaTanobiT ganviTarebam mebrZolis moraluri kodeqsi Seqmna, romelic agreTve warmoadgens ramdenime religiis simbiozs: budizmi, konfucionizmi da sintoizmi (iaponelebis nacionaluri religia). buSido zneobrivad moiazrebda filosofiur msoflmxedvelobas mTlianobaSi, iTavsebda yofiTobis Teorias da adamianis fsiqikas, wyvetda sakiTxebs, dakavSirebuls adamianis arsTan, mis rolze garemo samyarosTan, sicocxlis azrTan, sikeTesTan da siborotesTan, zneobriv faseulobasTan da zneobriv idealTan. gansakuTrebiT Zlieri zemoqmedeba moaxdina buSidoze budizmis maxaianisturma mimarTulebam, romelmac iaponiaSi 552 wels SeaRwia. samuraelTa msoflmxedvelobam da Zen-budizmis safuZvlebma SesaZlebloba misca gamoeyenebinaT igi samuraebis eTikuri normebis religiur – filosofiur safuZvlad. ase magaliTad: buSidom miiRo Zen-budizmidan mkacri TviTkontroli. buSidoSi agreTve gamoiyeneboda Zen-meditaciebi, ris daxmarebiTac samurais sulSi muSavdeboda TviTdajereba da gulcivoba sikvdilis mimarT. konfucionizmidan buSidom pirvelyovlisa gadaiRo saqmisadmi erTguleba. kodeqsis mTavari principebidan gamoiyofoda saqmisadmi erTguleba, gambedaoba, patiosneba da principuloba, ubraloeba da TavSekaveba, piradi gamorCenis da fulis siZulvili. amrigad sintoizmis, budizmisa da konfucionizmis zemoqmedebiT Camoyalibda gageba “miCi” (do) – cxovrebis gza, romlis namdvili mizani aris cxovrebis namdvili arsis gageba rogorc wesi mTeli sicocxlis periodSi, sakuTar sxeulSi yofnis fasad. XX s-is dasawyisSi karate-dom Zenis tradiciuli msoflmxedvelobiT myarad gaidga fesvebi iaponiis miwaze mas Semdeg, rac 1916 da 1922 wlebSi okinavelma ostatebma ramdenime saCvenebeli gamosvla Caatares, ris Sedegadac karates mravalricxovani iaponeli Tayvanismcemeli gamouCnda, maT ricxvSi bevri Ziudoisti. magaliTad: Ziudos damaarsebeli Zigiro kano saukeTeso damokidebulebaSi iyo bevr wamyvan okinavel karates ostatebTan. yvelaze RirSesaniSnav movlens iaponuri karate-dos ganviTarebaSi warmoadgenda saCvenebeli gamosvlebi iaponiis momavali imperatoris xiroxitos winaSe 1921 wlis 6 marts. ufliswuli gancvifrebuli darCa katas, kumites da tomaSi-varis demonstraciiT. 1924 w. gaixsna pirveli klubi meisei-Ziuku-Si universitet – keios saerTo sacxovrebelSi, sadac cxovrobdnen okinaveli studentebi. 1924 w. iaponiisaTvis axali saxeoba bu-Ziucu, romelmac miiRo saxelwodeba karate-Ziucu (Cinuri xelis meTodi), iyo Setanili zogierTi skolis da universitetis saswavlo programaSi. 20-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan bevrma okinavelma ostatma TavianTi stilis registracia daiwyo da mas ama Tu im saxels aniWebda. okinaveli ostati mabuni kenva 1926 wels q. osakaSi aarsebs stils Sito-riu, xolo 1930 wels oficialurad daaregistrira igi. masze erTi wliT adre Tavisi stili saxelwodebiT goju-riu daaregistrira misma megobarma miagi teZunma. stili iyo Seqmnili miagis mier Zveli naxates safuZvelze. maRali dgoma, plastikuri gadasvlebi da mosagierebeli blokebi erwymoda Zlier frontalur Setevas. 1936 w. oficialurad iqna daregistrirebuli okinaveli ostatis funakoSi giCinis stili Sotokan-riu. Tavisi skolis dasaxelebisTvis man gamoiyena Tavisi saavtoro fsevdonimi. ieroglifi So-to sityva-sityviT niSnavs “fiWvebi da talRebi”, xolo kan niSnavs klubs. stilis Seqmnisas funakoSi giCini eyrdnoboda stils Suri-te. man da misma Svilma eSitakam Seitanes teqnikur arsenalSi ramdenime axali dartyma fexiT. magaliTad : wriuli da ukan. optimalurad isini Tvlidnen brZolis warmoebas saSualo distanciaze. mTlianobaSi karate-do Sotokani viTardeboda ufro sportis mimarTulebiT da TandaTan scildeboda namdvil sabrZolo orTabrZolebs. funakoSis erT-erTi pirveli mowafe xironari ocuka, romelmac saxe Seucvala zogierT ileTs, xolo mogvianebiT Seitana karate-doSi axali principi, romelic aRebuli hqonda Ziu-Ziucu-dan, principi – “rbilad” Sexeba mowinaaRmdegesTan. 1939 wels ocukam daarsa Tavisi sakuTari stili saxelwodebiT vado-riu (mSvidoba da harmonia). okinavaze mcxovrebi ostatebi warmatebiT da farTod ganagrZobdnen Zveli stilebis Sorei da Sorinis gamoyenebas. 1936 wlis oqtomberSi q. naxaSi okinavaze Sedga okinaveli karates ostatebis konferencia, romelic Sevida istoriaSi da romelmac daamtkica sulieri sawyisis principi “do” (gza) – analogia (Ziu-do, ken-do). aseve miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba, raTa Secvliliyo ieroglifi “kara”-s mniSvneloba, romelic adre gulisxmobda “Cinuri”, anu tan-is epoqis CineTs, axla ki ieroglifi kara Seicvala mniSvnelobiT “carieli” da bolos konferenciam miiRo gadawyvetileba, raTa ecnoT yvela skolis damoukidebloba, romelTa raodenoba im droisaTvis iyo ukve ormocamde (4 mTavari stilis CarCoebSi). meore msoflio omis dasawyisisaTvis iaponiaSi arsebobda karate-dos 4 mTavari stili, esenia: gojo-riu, Sito-riu, Sotokani da vado-riu. SemdgomSi es stilebi safuZvlad daedo sxva mravali axali stilis Seqmnas. meore msoflio omis wlebSi da mis Semdgom qveyanaSi aTeulamde erTmaneTis moqiSpe karate-dos asociacia arsebobda. 1964 wlis tokios olimpiuri TamaSebis win zogierTi asociaciis warmomadgenelma winadadeba Seitana olimpiuri TamaSebis win saCvenebeli gamosvlebi CaetarebinaT sabrZolo xelovnebaTa centrSi – budokanSi. es winadadeba SeiZleboda ganxorcielebuliyo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu asociaciebi erTmaneTSi saerTo enas gamoZebnidnen da gaerTiandebodnen. amrigad, 1964 wels Seiqmna sruliad iaponiis gaerTianebuli karate-dos federacia – Zen nixon karatedo remmei, romelmac gaaerTiana sxvadasxva stilebis da skolebis umravlesoba. federaciis SemadgenlobaSi sxvadasxva stilis jgufebi moqmedebdnen avtonomiurad da yvela asociacia TavianT Cempionats atarebda. 50-iani wlebidan, rodesac karates Sesaxeb cnobebma miaRwia amerikas, evropas da sxva kontinentebs, milionebiT karate-dos Tayvanismcemeli gamoCnda msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi. bevr qveyanaSi Seiqmna karate-dos nacionaluri federaciebi. 1968 w. karate-dos evropis federacia, xolo 1969 w. Seiqmna karate-dos saerTaSoriso organizacia ( W.U.K.O.),amave wels Catarda pirveli msoflio Cempionati karatedoSi. vfiqrobT, samarTlianad SeiZleba CaiTvalos azri imis Taobaze, rom, rogorc karate-dos istoriis Seswavla gviCvenebs, yovel calkeuli stilis specializirbis miuxedavad , isini dasabams erTi saerTo wyarodan iReben da erTi xis fesvebis saxiT gvevlinebian. magram TviTon am wyaros Zieba TviTmiznad ar unda gadavaqciod, ramdenadac yoveli adamiani sul mudam imis mcdelobaSia, rom Seicnos Zveli da amave dros Seqmnas kidev raRac axali. es ki imaze metyvelebs, rom xalxs unda mieces Tavisufali arCevanis ufleba – raTa gaimarjvos erToba mravalferovnebaSi.